China's Earliest Jade Processing Center Discovered in Henan
河南发现最早的玉石器工业园区
Many significant discoveries have been made at the Huangshan Site in Nanyang city of Central China's Henan province during the second phase of excavation launched since 2018. Archaeological findings, such as the residential remains of the Yangshao Culture period (5,000 to 3,000 BC), the tombs of highest grade of the Qujialing Culture period (3,300 to 2,600 BC) and the remains of "wharves", confirm that the Huangshan Site was the earliest regional center in the Central Plains specializing in jade ware processing during the periods of Yangshao, Qujialing and Shijiahe (dated to more than 4,000 years ago).
南阳黄山遗址自2018年启动第二次发掘以来，不断有惊世发现。从仰韶文化坊居式建筑群到屈家岭文化时期最高等级的墓葬群，再到“码头”遗迹，考古发现确定黄山遗址是一处新石器时代仰韶文化、屈家岭文化、石家河文化涉及玉石器制作性质的中心性大遗址，是中原地区最早的玉石器工业园区。
According to experts, Dushan jade (a type of soft jade mined in Nanyang) was widely used for jade carvings in the Neolithic Age, and the model of the Huangshan site has changed from family workshops in the late Yangshao period to the labor-intensive production in the Qujialing period. The site was still used for large-scale jade ware processing during the Shijiahe period. Such an archaeological finding bridges the gap of jade handicraft industry development in the Central Plains and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the Neolithic Age.
考古发掘探明了黄山遗址与独山间的地下古河道、独山2处玉料开采古矿地点，发现了与西北3公里盛产汉白玉和石英的蒲山之间的地下古河道，完备了遗址与独山、蒲山玉石资源供给体系。专家认为，该遗址新石器时代玉石器制作遗存以独山玉石为资源支撑、其他地方玉材为辅助，大致存在仰韶晚期家庭式作坊群向屈家岭时期工厂式集约化生产模式转变的规律，石家河时期继续规模化生产玉石器，填补了中原和长江中游新石器时代玉石器手工业体系空白。（记者/陈茁 温小娟 张体义 编译/赵汉青 审校/丁岚）