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Special Coverage on Party Congress | Episode III: The Shuanghuaishu Site & The Erlitou Site
Source：dahe.cn
Published：2021-10-25 14:16
Henan province has 14 items listed among the recent-concluded selection of "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years", ranking 1st nationwide.
近日，河南14项考古遗址入选全国“百年百大考古发现”，数量居全国第一。
As the 11th Party Congress of Henan Province approaches, we are launching the Archaeological Discovery in Henan: A Marvel in the World series featuring 7 bilingual stories about Henan's 14 items in "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years" to demonstrate Henan's long history and rich culture.
为更好地向世界展示河南文化、中国精彩，在中国共产党河南省第十一次代表大会即将召开之际，大河网特推出双语特别策划——百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊。
Here is the 3rd episode: The Shuanghuaishu Site & The Erlitou Site.
今日推出第③期：《河南巩义双槐树遗址 河南偃师二里头遗址》。
Click on the video above
Unveiled in the south of Shuanghuaishu village in the township of Heluo, the Shuanghuaishu Site is located on the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau, with the Yellow River 2 kilometers to its north and the Yiluo River 4 kilometers to its west. Recognized as the embryo of early Chinese civilization by experts and scholars, the ancient "Heluo Kingdom" dating back to around 5,300 years ago was discovered at the Shuanghuaishu Site, which provided key proof of the origin of Chinese civilization.
双槐树遗址位于巩义市河洛镇双槐树村村南的高台地上，北距黄河2公里，西距伊洛河4公里，地处黄土高原东部边缘区域。在这里，发现了距今5300年左右的“河洛古国”，填补了中华文明起源关键时期、关键地区的关键材料，被专家学者称为“早期中华文明的胚胎”。
The Shuanghuaishu Site. [Photo/dahe.cn]
The remains of three ring trenches, large building complex, large-scale residential compounds in the center, walls with the earliest Wengcheng (enclosure for defense outside a city gate) structure, 4 rigidly planned public graveyards and terraces for religious sacrifices from the middle and late stage of Yangshao Culture were found at the site.
经过考古发掘，双槐树遗址发现了仰韶文化中晚期的三重大型环壕、大型建筑基址、大型中心居址、具有瓮城结构的围墙、版筑大型夯土地基、4处经过严格规划的大型公共墓地，以及夯土祭坛、房址、灰坑、人祭坑及兽骨坑等遗迹。
According to Sun Yingmin, head of Henan Provincial Society of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, judging from the existing remains, the palatial structures of the ancient "Heluo Kingdom" has directly influenced the layout design of the capitals during the Xia and Shang dynasties, such as the Taosi Site in Shanxi's Linfen city and the Erlitou Site in Henan's Luoyang city, and can be considered as the origin of ancient capital regulations.
河南省文物考古学会会长孙英民认为，从发现的三重环壕等遗存现象看，双槐树遗址的宫寝宫宇“礼制”布局直接影响了此后的陶寺和二里头等夏商都城规划布局，找到了历史时期都城规制的源头。
The Shuanghuaishu Site was a "huge settlement" during the period from the mid and late stage of Yangshao Culture to the early Longshan Culture. It was the highest-level political and cultural center and the only large-scale townsite of its time ever found along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
据了解，双槐树遗址是一处仰韶文化中晚期到龙山文化早期的核心聚落遗址，是迄今为止在黄河流域发现的仰韶文化中晚期规模最大的政治文化核心聚落群和唯一的大型城址群。
Dating back some 3,500 or 3,800 years, the Erlitou Site is one of the first six major sites of the Project for Tracing Chinese Civilization Origins in China.
二里头遗址是中华文明探源工程首批重点六大都邑之一，年代距今约3800-3500年。
Verified by archaeology and historical philology, Erlitou was not only the site of China's earliest capital, but also the largest one in the Xia Dynasty. The Erlitou culture, represented by the Erlitou Site, was the earliest "core culture" in China and all over East Asia. Known as the "earliest China", Erlitou was the earliest sovereign state covering a broad area and established itself as the core and leader of the forming process of Chinese civilization.
二里头遗址是经考古学与历史文献学考证的最早王朝——夏朝的都城遗存，是同时期规模最大的都城遗址。以二里头遗址为代表的二里头文化，是中国乃至东亚地区最早的“核心文化”、最早的广域王权国家，被誉为“最早的中国”，是中华文明总进程的核心与引领者。
Turquoise-inlaid Dragon-shaped Bronze Object. [Photo provided to dahe.cn]
For Zhao Haitao, who currently heads the archaeological team, the crisscross roads in the central area of the Erlitou Site are of the highest value and importance to the study on the Erlitou Site as the capital city of the Xia Dynasty. The layers of hard loess on the roads are often preferred by archaeologists because of their value of proof.
在二里头考古队现任队长赵海涛的心中，二里头遗址中心区的主干道路网络，对于解读二里头遗址的王都内涵最为重要，价值也最大。那一层层长期踩踏而形成的坚硬的黄土，成为考古学者的最爱。因为这些道路，显示出了二里头的王都格局、王朝气象。
According to Zhao, there are at least 4 roads (2 vertical roads and 2 horizontal ones) in the central area of the Erlitou Site, each measuring 10-20 meters in width. The crisscross roads divide the ancient capital city into many square and regular grids with different functions, forming a multigrid layout.
赵海涛说，我们发现在二里头遗址中心区至少存在两纵、两横4条道路，每条道路宽10－20米。它们纵横交错，呈方正、规整的“井”字形，构成了二里头都城功能分区的重要界限，形成多网格式宏大格局。
The Erlitou Site is of great value to major research projects including the origin of Chinese civilization, the rise of state, the origin of cities, the construction of capitals and the customization of royal palaces.
专家认为，二里头遗址对研究华夏文明的渊源、国家的兴起、城市的起源、王都建设、王宫定制等重大问题具有重要的参考价值。（来源：大河网 编译：赵汉青 视频/海报：王君艺 审校：丁岚）
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Editor：Zhao Hanqing