Home >>Local
Special Coverage on Party Congress | Episode V: The Yin Ruins in Anyang & The Guo State Cemetery in Sanmenxia
Source：dahe.cn
Published：2021-10-27 17:38
Henan province has 14 items listed among the recent-concluded selection of "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years", ranking 1st nationwide.
近日，河南14项考古遗址入选全国“百年百大考古发现”，数量居全国第一。
During the 11th Party Congress of Henan Province, we are launching the Archaeological Discovery in Henan: A Marvel in the World series featuring 7 bilingual stories about Henan's 14 items in "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years" to demonstrate Henan's long history and rich culture.
为更好地向世界展示河南文化、中国精彩，在中国共产党河南省第十一次代表大会期间，大河网特推出双语特别策划——百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊。
Here is the 5th episode: The Yin Ruins in Anyang & The Guo State Cemetery in Sanmenxia.
今日推出第⑤期：《河南安阳殷墟（含洹北商城、后冈遗址） 河南三门峡虢国墓地》。
Click on the video above
The Yin Ruins in Anyang
河南安阳殷墟（含洹北商城、后冈遗址）
Situated on both banks of the Huanhe River to the northwest of the nationally famous historic and cultural city Anyang, Henan province, the Yin Ruins was the capital site of the late Shang Dynasty. Dating back to 1,300 BC, the Yin Ruins was the first capital site confirmed by historic documents, oracle bone inscriptions (China's earliest mature writing system) and archaeological excavations in China. During the 255 years from Pan Geng who moved the capital to Yin (the area around Xiaotun) around 1,300 BC to Di Xin, the last king of the Shang Dynasty who ruled the country until 1,046 BC, Yin was built as a political, economic, military and cultural center.
殷墟，位于中国历史文化名城——安阳市的西北郊，横跨洹河南北两岸，是中国商代晚期的都城，也是中国历史上第一个有文献可考、并为甲骨文（中国目前已知最早的成系统的文字形式）和考古发掘所证实的古代都城遗址，距今已有3300年的历史。自公元前1300年盘庚迁殷，到公元前1046年帝辛亡国的255年间，这里一直是中国商代晚期的政治、经济、军事、文化中心。
The oracle bone inscriptions. [Photo by Zhang Xiuxia for Henan Daily]
"The Yin Ruins is famous for its oracle bone inscriptions, bronze wares and capital remains," said Xia Nai, a famous archaeologist. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, millions of pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed from the Yin Ruins, including more than 50,000 pieces of precious ones highlighted by the world's biggest and heaviest bronze ware Simuwu Ding or Houmuwu Ding (Ding, ritual vessel). Regarded as one of the most important capital sites in ancient China, its planning and layout had a significant influence on the construction and development of subsequent capitals of China.
著名考古学家夏鼐先生曾说：“安阳殷墟有三宝——甲骨文、青铜器、都城遗址。”新中国成立后，殷墟出土文物数量多达上百万件，其中以司母戊鼎（又称后母戊鼎，世界迄今出土最大、最重的青铜器）为代表的珍贵文物已达50000余件。作为中国早期最重要的都城之一，其规划和布局对后来的都城建设产生了重要影响。
The Yin Ruins was listed in the first group of major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level in March 1961 and ranked the first place among China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in the 20th Century unveiled in March 2001. Notably, it was registered into the World Cultural Heritage List on July 13, 2006.
1961年3月，殷墟被公布为第一批国家重点文物保护单位。2001年3月，殷墟被评为“中国20世纪100项考古大发现”之首。2006年7月13日，殷墟因具有全球突出普遍价值和良好的管理与展示，在第30届世界遗产委员会会议上被列入《世界遗产名录》。
The Guo State Cemetery in Sanmenxia
河南三门峡虢国墓地
It is discovered that, in the north of Sanmenxia city of Henan province, the orderly-arranged and well-preserved cemetery of the Guo State classified in hierarchy was used only for the kings and nobles of the Guo State from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period.
虢国墓地，位于中国河南省三门峡市北部的上村岭一带，是中国已发现的一处等级齐全、排列有序、保存完好的西周晚期至春秋早期虢国国君及贵族墓地。
Jade-decorated Face Mask. [Photo/Henan Daily]
The Guo Sate cemetery was first discovered in 1956 with more than 250 tombs and a large number of jade and bronze wares unearthed during the 2 rounds of major excavations. Lots of precious first-grade cultural relics were discovered in 2 of the kings' tombs, such as the exquisite Jade-decorated Face Mask. The discovery of the Guo State cemetery not only presented abundant physical evidence for the study of the Zhou Dynasty and the chronology of the early dynasties, but also filled the archaeological gap related to the Western Zhou Dynasty.
虢国墓地发现于1956年，主要经过两次大规模发掘，共发掘墓葬250多座，出土大量的玉器、青铜器。其中两座国君墓中出土了很多的珍贵的一级文物，如精美华丽的“缀玉面罩”等。虢国墓地的发掘，为周代考古学研究提供了丰富的实物资料，建立了重要的断代标尺，填补了西周考古史上的空白。
The tombs of Guo Ji (M2001) and Guo Zhong (M2009) were listed among China's Top 10 Archaeological Discoveries in 1990 and 1991 successively. In November 1996, the Guo State cemetery was listed among the fourth group of major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level.
虢季墓（M2001）、虢仲墓（M2009），先后被评为1990年、1991年度全国十大考古新发现；1996年11月，虢国墓地被中华人民共和国国务院列为第四批全国重点文物保护单位。（来源：大河网 编译：赵汉青 视频/海报：王君艺 审校：焦丹）
Related reports
Special Coverage on Party Congress | Episode I: The Jiahu Site & The Peiligang Site
【党代会双语特别策划】百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列①：河南舞阳贾湖遗址 河南新郑裴李岗遗址
Special Coverage on Party Congress | Episode II: The Yangshao Site & The Miaodigou Site
【党代会双语特别策划】百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列②：河南渑池仰韶村遗址 河南三门峡庙底沟遗址
Special Coverage on Party Congress | Episode III: The Shuanghuaishu Site & The Erlitou Site
【党代会双语特别策划】百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列③：河南巩义双槐树遗址 河南偃师二里头遗址
【党代会双语特别策划】百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列④：河南偃师商城遗址 河南郑州商城遗址
【党代会双语特别策划】百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列⑥：河南洛阳东周王城遗址 河南汉魏洛阳城遗址
【党代会双语特别策划】百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列⑦：河南隋唐洛阳城遗址 河南许昌白沙宋墓
Editor：Zhao Hanqing